Research Report
Gordon Doxey, Patricia Eisenman
During fherepeutic exercise sessions, clinicians commonly observe inhibition d muscle activity in patients with orthopedic injury, seemingly due to protective mechanisms 50 avoid pain. As a result of these clinical obsewatjons, testing was conducted to determine if the muscle efficiency d the quadriceps fernoris muscle group differed between limbs in 37 subjects with unilateral patellofemora! pain. Efficiency was assessed by measuring the integrated elecZromyographic (IEMG) activity during submaximal isometric muscle contraction trials with 0.56 and 2.72 kg weights at 140 and 180' af extension. Analysis with a repeated measures ANOVA imcated significant inferaction of weight, joint position, and limb (p < 0.035). Post hoc analysis of fhe simple main effects of lEMG activity between the limbs with weight and joint pasition held constant demonstrated that the lEMG activity of the sxperimentaf limb was significantly higher than the control limb (p < 0.006). The study results demonstr~teth at the lEMG activrty of the painfu! limb is significantly higher and less efficient than the control limb.
J Othro Sports Phys Ther 1987;9(6):211-216.
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Research Report
Roy P. Walmsley, Christopher Szybbo
The torque generated by the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles duringconcentric isokinetic contractions has been investigated. Recordings were made in three positions: neutral, 90° of flexion, and 90° of abduction; and at three speeds of contraction (60, 120, and 180 /sec) in each of these positions. Twelve healthy female university students were randomly selected from a 100 female volunteer population. Testing was accomplished using an isokinetic dynamometer. A two-way analysis of variance for position and speed was conducted. The greatest torque values for the internal rotator muscles were achieved in the neutral position, while maximum values for the external rotators were developed in 90 of shoulder flexion. The test speed of 60°/sec was shown to produce the highest torque values for the external rotator muscles. However, no difference in test speeds of contraction was found when analyzing the torque values generated by the internal rotator muscles. Implications for strength training are discussed.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987;9(6):217-222.
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Research Report
Pekka Kannus, Kyosti Lanala, Markku Jarvinen
The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term isokinetic and isometricm scle strength profile of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees. In measurements of quadriceps and hamstring strengths in both legs a CYBEX I$ isokinetic dynamometer was used. The peak torque values were recorded at low (60 /sec) and high (1 80 O/sec) speed of isokinetic testing, and the maximal isometric extension and flexion outputs were measured at a knee flexion angle of 60°. The previously developed knee strength scoring scale was used to summarize the overall strength profile. According to 40 patients with old, untreated ACL ruptures, 8 years after the injury there was still a considerable quadriceps and hamstring strength deficit in the injured knee. The knee strength scores correlated well with the circumferential measurement of the thigh atrophy. In the isokinetic testing, the strength deficit in both extension and flexion was greater at high than low speed, and in flexion was statistically significant. It was concluded that in rehabilitation of ACL injuries. specific high speed extension, and especially flexion exercises, are needed for efforts to prevent the tibial anterolateral subluxations and the painful giving-way symptoms of the injured knee.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987;9(6): 223-227.
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